Two main barriers to using this method are high cost and complexity. For monitoring SCs various labeling procedures are available, however, there is an upward trend in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In each technique, the researchers try to inject a specific type of stem cell (SC) and monitor their efficiency. The intracerebral method, in contrast to the intranasal method, was widely employed by researchers. The different injection methods explained in this article include intracerebral, intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intranasal. Various researchers are testing the use of different cells to reduce the symptoms of cuprizone-demyelinated mice. Cuprizone is one of the factors creating this model. Experimental encephalomyelitis is an alternative animal model of MS that can simulate the symptoms of this disease. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes inflammation in the brain and spinal cord, progressive degeneration of central nervous system tissue, damage to neuronal axons, and loss of function of central nervous system neurons. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue) (B1-D1). For better visibility borders of parenchyma are illustrated with a dotted line (B1, B2). injection of human MSC (here exemplarily day 3.5 after application). (D1) PKH-26 positive cells (red) were found in very low numbers in the spinal cord after i.v. Only some dim autofluorescence can be seen (red).
Here day 3.5 after application is shown exemplarily.
(C1-C2) In the bulbus olfactorius no red fluorescent cells were found in animals without cell treatment (C1) or after i.n. Human MSC (red) can be in or near the meninges (B1, here exemplarily day 7 after application) or seem to be attached to vessel walls (B2, here exemplarily day 3.5 after application). injection of human MSC shows a hematogenic pattern in the brain.
(B1-B2) The distribution of PKH-26 positive cells after i.v. Significant differences between untreated and human MSC treated groups are indicated by asterisks (*P,0.05, **P,0.01, ***P,0.001). (A1-A2) After application of human MSC red fluorescent cells were found in the lungs of treated animals in the FACS analysis.
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